sql/postgresql-entrypoint-initdb.d/01_initdb.sql

-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Base de données pour l'apprentissage du langage SQL
-- PostgreSQL v18
-- 3 novembre 2025
-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------

show server_version;

-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-- extensions
-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------

select * from pg_available_extensions;

create schema postgis;
create extension if not exists postgis schema postgis;
create extension if not exists pgrouting schema postgis;

create schema ext;
create extension if not exists ltree schema ext;
create extension if not exists pgcrypto schema ext;
create extension if not exists vector schema ext;
create extension if not exists isn schema ext;

create schema pgtap;
create extension if not exists pgtap schema pgtap;

-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Pays
-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
create schema geo;

select 'Pays --------------------' as msg;

create table geo.pays (
  code2 text not null,
  code3 text not null,
  code_num text not null,
  pays text not null,
  forme_longue text,
  nom_eng text,
  nom_spa text,
  drapeau_unicode character(2)
);

comment on column geo.pays.code2
  is 'code ISO 3166-1 alpha 2';

comment on column geo.pays.code3
  is 'code ISO 3166-1 alpha 3';

comment on column geo.pays.code_num
  is 'code ISO 3166-1 numérique. Identique à la division statistique des Nations Unies UN M.49';

create index pays_nom
  on geo.pays using btree (pays asc nulls last);

alter table geo.pays
  add check (code2 ~ '^[A-Z]{2}$');

alter table geo.pays
  add check (code3 ~ '^[A-Z]{3}$');

alter table geo.pays
  add check (code_num ~ '^[0-9]{3}$');

create unique index pays_pk
  on geo.pays
  using btree (code2);

alter table geo.pays
  add primary key using index pays_pk;

\copy geo.pays (code2, code3, code_num, pays, drapeau_unicode, forme_longue) from '/tmp/geo/pays.csv' (FORMAT CSV, header, delimiter ',', ENCODING 'UTF8');

-- Noms des pays en anglais et espagnol

create temporary table pays_tmp (
  nom text,
  code_num text,
  code3 text
);

\copy pays_tmp FROM '/tmp/geo/pays_es.txt' (FORMAT CSV, delimiter E'\t', ENCODING 'UTF8');

update geo.pays set nom_spa = (select t.nom from pays_tmp t where pays.code3 = t.code3);

truncate table pays_tmp;

\copy pays_tmp FROM '/tmp/geo/pays_en.txt' (FORMAT CSV, delimiter E'\t', ENCODING 'UTF8');

update geo.pays set nom_eng = (select t.nom from pays_tmp t where pays.code3 = t.code3);
update geo.pays set nom_eng = 'Taiwan' where code2 = 'TW';

drop table pays_tmp;
-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------

-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-- langues
-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------

select 'Langues ----------------' as msg;

create table geo.langues (
  code3 char(3) not null,
  langue text default null,
  francais text default null
);

comment on table geo.langues is 'ISO 639-3';

alter table geo.langues
  add check (code3 ~ '^[a-z]{3}$');

create unique index langues_pk
  on geo.langues
  using btree (code3);

alter table geo.langues
  add primary key using index langues_pk;

create table geo.pays_langues (
  pays_code char(2) not null,
  langue_code char(3) not null,
  officiel boolean default false,
  pourcentage decimal(4,1) not null DEFAULT '0.0'
);

alter table geo.pays_langues
  add check (pays_code ~ '^[A-Z]{2}$');

alter table geo.pays_langues
  add check (langue_code ~ '^[a-z]{3}$');

alter table geo.pays_langues
  add primary key (pays_code, langue_code);

\copy geo.langues from '/tmp/geo/langues.csv' (FORMAT CSV, header, delimiter ',', ENCODING 'UTF8');
\copy geo.pays_langues from '/tmp/geo/langues_pays.csv' (FORMAT CSV, header, delimiter ',', ENCODING 'UTF8');

-- pays_langues -> pays
alter table only geo.pays_langues
  add foreign key (pays_code)
  references geo.pays (code2) match simple
  on update no action
  on delete no action;

-- pays_langues -> langues
alter table only geo.pays_langues
  add foreign key (langue_code)
  references geo.langues (code3) match simple
  on update no action
  on delete no action;



-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Fournisseurs
-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------

create table fournisseur (
  id int primary key,
  fournisseur text not null
);


-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Produits
-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
create table produit (
  id bigint primary key,
  ean13 ext.EAN13 null,
  nom text not null,
  marque text null,
  categorie text null,
  energie int not null,
  proteines float4 null,
  glucides float4 null,
  sucres float4 null,
  graisses float4 null,
  graisses_saturees float4 null,
  sel float4 null,
  fibres float4 null,
  nutriscore int null,
  additifs int null,
  additifs_list text[] null,
  potassium float null,
  calcium float null,
  magnesium float null,
  sodium float null,
  chlorure float null,
  sulfate float null,
  nitrate float null,
  hydrogenocarbonate float null,
  silice float null,
  fluor float null,
  residu float null,
  ph float null,
  vitamin_a float null,
  vitamin_c float null
);

-- Ajouter les commentaires
comment on column produit.potassium IS 'K⁺ en mg/L';
comment on column produit.calcium IS 'Ca²⁺ en mg/L';
comment on column produit.magnesium IS 'Mg²⁺ en mg/L';
comment on column produit.sodium IS 'Na⁺ en mg/L';
comment on column produit.chlorure IS 'Cl⁻ en mg/L';
comment on column produit.sulfate IS 'SO₄²⁻ en mg/L';
comment on column produit.nitrate IS 'NO₃⁻ en mg/L';
comment on column produit.hydrogenocarbonate IS 'HCO₃⁻ en mg/L';
comment on column produit.silice IS 'SiO₂ en mg/L';
comment on column produit.fluor IS 'F en mg/L';

create table adherent (
  id int primary key,
  nom text,
  prenom text,
  genre smallint,
  naissance date,
  codepostal text
);

-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Marché (Market)
-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------

create schema market;

create table famille (
  code text primary key,
  famille text,
  code_parent text, -- references famille(code)
  arborescence ext.ltree
);

create table article (
  code text primary key,
  article text,
  famille_code text, -- references famille(code)
  factpoids boolean,
  unitevente int,
  prix decimal,
  suivistock int
);

create table market.ticket (
  id int primary key,
  date_ticket timestamp,
  adherent_id int,    -- references adherent(id)
  mode_rglt int
);

create table market.ligne (
  id int primary key,
  ticket_id int,     -- references ticket (id),
  article_code text, -- references article (code)
  prix_unitaire decimal,
  quantite decimal
);

alter table market.ligne
   add column total decimal
   generated always as (prix_unitaire * quantite) stored;

create table prix_historique (
  id int generated always as identity,
  article_code text not null,
  prix_unitaire decimal not null,
  dates daterange not null
);

create table marque (
  id int primary key,
  marque text not null,
  fournisseur_id int
);

create table categorie (
  id int primary key,
  categorie text not null
);

CREATE TABLE employees (
  "EmployeeID" smallint NOT NULL,
  "LastName" character varying(20) NOT NULL,
  "FirstName" character varying(10) NOT NULL,
  "Title" character varying(30),
  "TitleOfCourtesy" character varying(25),
  "BirthDate" date,
  "HireDate" date,
  "Address" character varying(60),
  "City" character varying(15),
  "Region" character varying(15),
  "PostalCode" character varying(10),
  "Country" character varying(15),
  "HomePhone" character varying(24),
  "Extension" character varying(4),
  "Photo" bytea,
  "Notes" text,
  "ReportsTo" smallint,
  "PhotoPath" character varying(255)
);


create table region (
  id int primary key,
  region text not null
);

insert into region values
  (1, 'Est'), (2, 'Ouest'), (3, 'Nord'), (4, 'Sud'), (5, 'Centre');


create table personne (
  id bigint,
  prenom text,
  nom text,
  telephone text,
  ville text
);

create table societe (
  id bigint,
  societe text
);


/*
CREATE TABLE emplois (
  id bigint generated always as identity,
  id_personne int NOT NULL,
  id_societe int NOT NULL,
  dates daterange,
  temps_travail decimal(5,2) DEFAULT 151.67 CHECK(temps_travail > 0 AND temps_travail <= 400),
  salaire_mensuel decimal(10,2) NOT NULL,
  poste text,
  FOREIGN KEY (id_personne) REFERENCES personne(id),
  FOREIGN KEY (id_societe) REFERENCES societe(id)
);
*/

-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Banque (Bank)
-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------

create schema bank;

-- Générateur de numéro aléatoire
-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
/*
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION bank.rand_account(n integer)
RETURNS text AS $$
DECLARE
  chars text := '1234ABCD';
  out text := '';
  b bytea := ext.gen_random_bytes(n); -- n octets aléatoires
  i int;
  idx int;
BEGIN
  IF n <= 0 THEN
    RAISE EXCEPTION 'La longueur doit être > 0';
  END IF;

  FOR i IN 0..(n - 1) LOOP
    idx := (get_byte(b, i) % length(chars)) + 1;
    out := out || substr(chars, idx, 1);
  END LOOP;

  RETURN out;
END;
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
*/
-- Devises (Currencies)
-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
/*
create table bank.currency (
  code text not null,
  num4217 integer default null,
  symbole character varying(5) default null,
  nom text default null,
  division integer default 0,
  minor text default null,
  minors text default null
);

alter table bank.currency
  add check (code ~ '^[A-Z]{3}$');

create table pays_devises (
  pays_code text not null,
  devise_code text not null,
  valide daterange default null
);

alter table pays_devises
  add check (pays_code ~ '^[A-Z]{2}$');

alter table pays_devises
  add check (devise_code ~ '^[A-Z]{3}$');

create unique index currency_pk
  on bank.currency
  using btree (code);

alter table bank.currency
  add primary key using index currency_pk;

\copy bank.currency from '/tmp/banque/devises.csv' (FORMAT CSV, header, delimiter ',', ENCODING 'UTF8');
\copy pays_devises from '/tmp/banque/devises_pays.csv' (FORMAT CSV, header, delimiter ',', ENCODING 'UTF8');

-- pays_devises -> pays
alter table only pays_devises
  add foreign key (pays_code)
  references geo.pays (code2);

-- pays_devises -> devises
alter table only pays_devises
  add foreign key (devise_code)
  references bank.currency (code);
*/

-- Taux de change ()
-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
/*
CREATE TABLE bank.exchange_rate (
  from_currency CHAR(3) references bank.currency(code),
  to_currency CHAR(3) references bank.currency(code),
  rate DECIMAL(12,6) NOT NULL,
  fee_percent DECIMAL(5,2) DEFAULT 0,
  last_updated TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
  PRIMARY KEY (from_currency, to_currency, last_updated)
);

create temporary table exchange (
  jour date,
  rate decimal(12,6)
);

DO $$
DECLARE
  rec RECORD;
  path TEXT;
BEGIN
  -- Liste des devises à importer
  FOR rec IN
      SELECT code FROM bank.currency WHERE code <> 'EUR'
  LOOP
    path := format('/tmp/webstat/Webstat_Export_fr_EXR.M.%s.EUR.SP00.E.csv', rec.code);

    -- Import CSV temporaire
    EXECUTE format(
      $sql$
      copy exchange FROM %L (FORMAT CSV, HEADER, DELIMITER ';', ENCODING 'UTF8')
      $sql$,
      path
    );

    -- Insertion dans la table principale
    EXECUTE format(
        $sql$
        INSERT INTO bank.exchange_rate (from_currency, to_currency, rate, fee_percent, last_updated)
        SELECT 'EUR', %L, rate, 0, jour FROM exchange
        $sql$,
        rec.code
    );

    -- Nettoyage
    TRUNCATE TABLE exchange;
  END LOOP;
END $$;

DROP table exchange;
*/

-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Titulaires (Holders)
-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------

/*
CREATE TABLE bank.holder (
  id bigint primary key generated always as identity,
  type_titulaire TEXT CHECK (type_titulaire IN ('individu', 'société')) NOT NULL,
  created_at timestamp with time zone not null default now()
);

CREATE FUNCTION auto_titulaire_physique()
RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
DECLARE
  new_titulaire_id INTEGER;
BEGIN
  IF NEW.id IS NULL THEN
    INSERT INTO bank.holder (type_titulaire) VALUES ('individu')
      RETURNING id INTO new_titulaire_id;
    NEW.id := new_titulaire_id;
  END IF;
  RETURN NEW;
END;
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;

CREATE TRIGGER trg_auto_titulaire_physique
BEFORE INSERT ON personne
FOR EACH ROW
EXECUTE FUNCTION auto_titulaire_physique();

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION auto_titulaire_morale()
RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
DECLARE
  new_titulaire_id INTEGER;
BEGIN
  IF NEW.id IS NULL THEN
    INSERT INTO bank.holder (type_titulaire) VALUES ('société')
      RETURNING id INTO new_titulaire_id;
    NEW.id := new_titulaire_id;
  END IF;
  RETURN NEW;
END;
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;

CREATE TRIGGER trg_auto_titulaire_morale
BEFORE INSERT ON societe
FOR EACH ROW
EXECUTE FUNCTION auto_titulaire_morale();
*/

-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Comptes (Accounts)
-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------

/*
create table bank.account (
  id bigint primary key generated always as identity,
  account_number text unique not null,
  balance numeric(18,6) not null default 0,
  currency char(3) not null,
  created_at timestamp with time zone not null default now()
);

create table bank.account_holders (
  account_id bigint NOT NULL REFERENCES bank.account(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
  titulaire_id int NOT NULL REFERENCES bank.holder(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
  share numeric(5,2) CHECK (share >= 0 AND share <= 100),
  role text DEFAULT 'Titulaire',
  PRIMARY KEY (account_id, titulaire_id)
);

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION bank.insert_account_random(
  person_ids int[],            -- liste d'identifiants de personnes
  currency text default 'EUR', -- la devise du compte
  n int DEFAULT 2              -- longueur du numéro de compte
)
RETURNS text AS $$
DECLARE
  candidate text;
  retry_count int := 0;
  new_account_id bigint;
  person_id int;
BEGIN
  IF array_length(person_ids, 1) IS NULL THEN
    RAISE EXCEPTION 'La liste des personnes ne peut pas être vide';
  END IF;

  LOOP
    candidate := bank.rand_account(n);
    BEGIN
      INSERT INTO bank.account(account_number, currency) VALUES (candidate, currency)
      RETURNING id INTO new_account_id;

      -- Lier chaque personne au compte
      FOREACH person_id IN ARRAY person_ids LOOP
        INSERT INTO bank.account_holders(account_id, titulaire_id, share)
        VALUES (new_account_id, person_id, (100.0 / array_length(person_ids, 1)));
      END LOOP;

      RETURN candidate;

    EXCEPTION WHEN unique_violation THEN
      retry_count := retry_count + 1;
      IF retry_count > 20 THEN
        RAISE EXCEPTION 'Trop de collisions après % tentatives', retry_count;
      END IF;
      CONTINUE;
    END;
  END LOOP;
END;
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
*/

-- Transactions
-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
/*
CREATE TABLE bank."transaction" (
  id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT uuidv7(),
  reference TEXT,
  amount NUMERIC(18,6) NOT NULL,
  currency CHAR(3) NOT NULL,
  from_account BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES bank.account(id),
  to_account BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES bank.account(id),
  created_at TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
  processed BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE  -- indique si ledger + soldes ont été appliqués
);

-- ledger (écritures comptables immuables) : append-only
CREATE TABLE bank.ledger_entry (
  id bigint primary key generated always as identity,
  transaction_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES bank."transaction"(id),
  account_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES bank.account(id),
  amount NUMERIC(18,6) NOT NULL,  -- convention: positif = crédit, négatif = débit (ici from = -amount, to = +amount)
  created_at TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
  description TEXT
);

-- index pour performance et idempotence par transaction/account
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ux_ledger_tx_account
  ON bank.ledger_entry(transaction_id, account_id);

-- outbox pour publisher reliable (pattern outbox)
CREATE TABLE bank.outbox_event (
  id bigint primary key generated always as identity,
  occurrenced_at TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
  topic TEXT NOT NULL,
  payload JSONB NOT NULL,
  transaction_id UUID, -- lien optionnel
  processed BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE,
  processed_at TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE NULL
);

-- table very simple de blockchain / chain d'audit
CREATE TABLE bank.block_chain (
  id bigint primary key generated always as identity,
  block_time TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
  tx_id UUID NOT NULL,            -- transaction incluse dans ce bloc (ou multiple selon choix)
  previous_hash TEXT NULL,
  block_hash TEXT NOT NULL,
  block_data JSONB NOT NULL       -- stockage lisible des éléments du bloc (pour audit)
);

CREATE INDEX idx_block_chain_txid ON bank.block_chain(tx_id);

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION perform_transaction(
    from_account_id INT,
    to_account_id INT,
    amount DECIMAL(18,6),
    description TEXT
) RETURNS VOID AS $$
DECLARE
    from_currency CHAR(3);
    to_currency CHAR(3);
    rate DECIMAL(12,6);
    fee DECIMAL(18,6);
    base_amount DECIMAL(18,6);
    converted_amount DECIMAL(18,6);
    tx_id INT;
    prev_hash TEXT;
    new_hash TEXT;
BEGIN
    SELECT currency_code INTO from_currency FROM bank.account WHERE id = from_account_id;
    SELECT currency_code INTO to_currency FROM bank.account WHERE id = to_account_id;

    SELECT hash INTO prev_hash FROM bank.transaction ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1;

    -- Création de la transaction principale
    INSERT INTO bank.transaction (description, previous_hash)
    VALUES (description, prev_hash)
    RETURNING id INTO tx_id;

    IF from_currency = to_currency THEN
        rate := 1;
        fee := 0;
        converted_amount := amount;
    ELSE
        SELECT rate, fee_percent INTO rate, fee
        FROM bank.exchange_rate
        WHERE from_currency = from_currency AND to_currency = to_currency ORDER BY last_updated desc LIMIT 1;

        converted_amount := amount * rate * (1 - fee / 100);
    END IF;

    -- Débit
    INSERT INTO bank.ledger_entry (transaction_id, account_id, amount, currency_code, entry_type, rate_to_base, converted_amount)
    VALUES (tx_id, from_account_id, -amount, from_currency, 'debit', rate, amount * rate);

    -- Crédit
    INSERT INTO bank.ledger_entry (transaction_id, account_id, amount, currency_code, entry_type, rate_to_base, converted_amount)
    VALUES (tx_id, to_account_id, converted_amount, to_currency, 'credit', rate, converted_amount);

    -- Mise à jour des soldes
    UPDATE bank.account SET balance = balance - amount WHERE id = from_account_id;
    UPDATE bank.account SET balance = balance + converted_amount WHERE id = to_account_id;

    -- Génération du hash blockchain
    SELECT encode(digest(concat(tx_id, description, prev_hash, NOW()::text), 'sha256'), 'hex') INTO new_hash;
    UPDATE bank.transaction SET hash = new_hash WHERE id = tx_id;
END;
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION notify_transaction()
RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
DECLARE
    payload JSON;
BEGIN
    payload := json_build_object(
        'transaction_id', NEW.id,
        'description', NEW.description,
        'timestamp', NEW.timestamp,
        'hash', NEW.hash
    );
    PERFORM pg_notify('transactions', payload::text); -- canal PostgreSQL NOTIFY
    RETURN NEW;
END;
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;

CREATE TRIGGER tr_notify_transaction
AFTER INSERT ON bank.transaction
FOR EACH ROW
EXECUTE FUNCTION notify_transaction();
*/
-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Business Intelligence
-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------

create schema business;

-- Chronologie
create table business.chronologie as
  with recursive calendrier as (
    select
      '2010-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp as jour
    union all
    select
      jour + interval '1 day'
    from calendrier
      where jour + interval '1 day' <= '2026-12-31'
  )
  select
    extract(epoch from jour) / 86400::int as jj,
    jour,
    extract (year from jour)  as annee,
    extract (month from jour) as mois,
    extract (day from jour)   as jmois,
    extract (week from jour)  as semaine,
    extract (dow from jour)   as jsemaine,
    extract (doy from jour)   as jannee,
    floor((extract(month from jour) - 1) / 6) + 1 as semestre,
    floor((extract(month from jour) - 1) / 4) + 1 as quadrimestre,
    extract(quarter from jour)::int               as trimestre,
    floor((extract(month from jour) - 1) / 2) + 1 as bimestre,
    extract (day from jour) / extract (day from (date_trunc('month', '2025-03-16'::date) + interval '1 month' - interval '1 day'))  as frac_mois,
    extract (doy from jour) / extract (doy from (extract (year from jour)||'-12-31')::date)  as frac_annee
  from calendrier;

comment on column business.chronologie.jj
  is 'jour julien';

-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Musique
-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------

-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Biblio
-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------

create schema biblio;

CREATE TABLE biblio.genres (
  genre_id int primary key,
  genre text
);

INSERT INTO biblio.genres (genre_id, genre) VALUES
	 (1,'Science-Fiction'),
	 (2,'Fantasy'),
	 (3,'Young adult'),
	 (4,'Bit-lit'),
	 (5,'Policier'),
	 (6,'Romance'),
	 (7,'Espionnage'),
	 (8,'Aventure'),
	 (9,'Fantastique'),
	 (10,'Historique'),
	 (11,'Noir'),
	 (12,'Biographie'),
	 (13,'Cyberpunk'),
	 (14,'Steampunk');

create table biblio.auteurs (
  auteur_id integer not null,
  nom text not null,
  "references" text[]
);

create table biblio.editeurs (
  editeur_id integer not null,
  editeur_nom text not null,
  ville text
);

create table biblio.oeuvres (
  oeuvre_id integer not null,
  titre text not null,
  infos jsonb
  --constraint fk_oeuvre_genre   foreign key (genre_id) references genres (genre_id)
);